Historical Tornado Cases for Dodge Citty Warning Area
Although no upper air is available, a very strong upper trough for late June brought several days of severe weather to
southwest Kansas and adjacent states. When tornadoes have long paths to the NE, one can be fairly confident that
the mid to upper level flow was fairly strong for June and generally from the SW. If the upper flow were weak, then
tornadic storms would tend to right move more and move more to the east of southeast. The stronger the mid level flow,
the less the storms tend to deviate from the 500mb wind vector. On this particular day, a convective cluster left out an
outflow boundary across southern Kansas. As is typical in late spring and early summer, backed winds, a shallow low
level mixed layer, evapotranspiration and tend to lead to high theta-e on the cool side of boundaries. When the mixed
boundary layer is shallow, then very high mixing ratios can simmer in the lowest 30 or 50mb and even pool to much
depths immediately on the cool side of the boundary. Also, since east to southeast winds are upslope in western Kansas,
very high theta-e values were transported into the high plains of western Kansas. The dewpoint at Dodge City and
Garden City rose into the lower 70s, which is about as high as one will ever see in this part of the country. On the
larger scale, cyclogenesis was occurring across the central high plains with a warm fromt extending ene from the low across
the central plains. Storms apparently developed along the dryline and moved NE across the outflow boundary and then
became tornadic. Given the high dewpoints, cloud bases were very low. Due to the backed low level flow and the
aforementioned, implied strong sw mid level flow, vertical wind shear was impressive. Interestingly, a violent tornado
developed at night in south central Kansas. This probably occurred as the low level jet increased over the outflow boundary.